The impact of electronic cigarettes on blood cell composition and immune system performance

Abstract

The use of e-cigarettes has skyrocketed in recent years due to a lack of awareness about the dangers and problems connected to these devices. This is particularly accurate given that the nicotine content may be adjusted, which over time may induce addiction. In order to ascertain its detrimental effects on the immune system, this study sought to ascertain how it affected several immunological components. 68 participants (male), 56 of whom were smokers and 12 of whom served as control samples, were examined using ELISA and CBC procedures to measure the concentration of these variables.  Participant were aged between 19 and 46 years. While the remaining blood components exhibited elevated concentration at ages 30 and above, the results indicated that there were highly significant changes in blood components when compared to the control and for years 19–29. All blood component rates were noticeably higher than in control samples. In comparison to control samples, smokers had higher levels of IL-12, IL-5, and IFN-γ, and people under the age of 29 had higher levels of IL-5 and IFN-γ than people older than them. The levels of IL-12 were comparable to the control samples, but the levels of IL-5 and IFN-γ rose dramatically with longer smoking times and showed a strong, significant connection. While IL-12 levels did not clearly rise in response to rising nicotine concentrations in contrast to control samples, IL-5 and IFN-γ levels did rise noticeably.