Detection of Nickel Ions in Industrial Water by Fabricating Carbon Paste Electrode modified with Nanoparticles

Abstract

Nickel must be carefully monitored due to its severe health and environmental impacts. Many innovative nickel ion detection (Ni⁺²) methods have been developed. These methods vary from fluorescent and nanoscale sensors to biosensors, optical electronics, and larger devices. In this research, a new detector electrode sensor was developed to detect and estimate nickel in industrial and well-water. Nickel oxide II (NiO) nanoparticles were synthesized using an extract of Capparis Spinosa leaves, washed, and dried. Then, the material from fresh green leaves has been extracted. The synthesized NiONPs were incorporated into a carbon paste matrix, forming a modified electrode for the selective detection of Ni⁺² ions in aqueous samples. NiONPs and their external characteristics have been studied by various techniques. The particle size measured was approximately (15.57) nm. Scanning Electron Microscope SEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles exhibited both spherical and irregular shapes. In the UV-VIS spectrometry, the peak was at the wavelength (366) nm; this confirms that nickel particles have been obtained. The electrode demonstrated selectivity and good sensitivity with linear response (10^-1 - 10^-9), correlation coefficient (0.9987), electrode lifespan (130) days, and the ideal temperatures for the electrode were measured and determined (15-40) °C. The best degree of acidity (pH) to work (5-8), with a slope value at (25) °C, was (28.5) mV/decade. Limit of detection 8.335x10^-9 mol/L. The recovery percentage is 100.8%. This work successfully estimated nickel ions in wells and industrial waters.