Toxic Effects of Common Inorganic Fertilizers on Mortality, Hemoglobin Levels, and Behavior in Lumbricus terrestris.

Maysoon Hassan meshjel

doi:10.69923/3z0afr15

Toxic Effects of Common Inorganic Fertilizers on Mortality, Hemoglobin Levels, and Behavior in Lumbricus terrestris.

Authors

Maysoon Hassan meshjel University of Baghdad Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-2711

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69923/3z0afr15

Keywords:

Earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, fertilizers

Abstract

The current research seeks to determine the impact of chemical fertilizers employed in Iraqi agriculture on soil-dwelling organisms.so Investigating the impact of fertilizers on organisms is essential for establishing lethal and sub-lethal tolerance limits and determining lethal concentrations. The research aims to identify the impact of chemical fertilizers utilized in Iraqi farms on soil-dwelling organisms, prompted by a deficiency of comprehensive studies in this area. Among the significant organisms with distinct roles in soil ecosystems, annelids (earthworms) were selected to assess these effects. They are crucial organisms due to their contributions to soil health and their sensitivity to toxic chemicals, serving as vital indicators for the presence of pollutants in the soil. Samples of adult earthworms exhibiting saddle structures were collected and placed in plastic containers filled with soil to a depth of 15 cm. Earthworms were subjected to three types of fertilizers (NPK) comprising phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen sourced from local markets, commonly utilized in gardens and farms, revealing a significant effect of fertilizers on earthworms. Mortality rates increased notably with higher fertilizer concentrations and longer treatment durations. Additionally, hemoglobin levels in earthworms rose, indicating environmental stress, prompting the worms to elevate their hemoglobin levels.

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Author Biography

Maysoon Hassan meshjel, University of Baghdad

Dr. Maysoon Hassan Meshjel is an assistant professor at the University of Baghdad, Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, specializing in invertebrates and ecology. She can be contacted at email: maysoonhm_bio@csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq.

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Published

09/30/2025

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Volume 2, Issue 3

Section

Articles

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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References

Marshall,G.C.and H.W.Ohm 1987 .Yield responses of 16 winter wheat cultivars to row spacing and seeding rate .Agronomy Journal .79:1027-1030

How to Cite

[1]

M. H. meshjel, “Toxic Effects of Common Inorganic Fertilizers on Mortality, Hemoglobin Levels, and Behavior in Lumbricus terrestris”., IJApSc, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 78–87, Sep. 2025, doi: 10.69923/3z0afr15.