Assessment of adiponectin and lipid profile with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder commonly affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by increased androgens, metabolic dysfunction, and irregular or absent menstrual periods. The study aimed to estimate the level of adiponectin and lipid profile related to polycystic ovarian syndrome. The study included 90 women between September 2024 and September 2025 with a range of ages (15-45 years) (28.666±6.837), divided into two groups: 45 with a mean age of 31.689±6.842 used as healthy and 45 with a mean age of 24.644±5.390 as patients. The serum adiponectin, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulation hormone (FSH), prolactin, and testosterone were quantified through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques. The lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)) was measured by spectrophotometer. The result found a significant decrease (p≤0.01) in adiponectin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and follicular stimulation hormone (FSH) in the PCOS patient compared to the healthy group. Also, in the hormonal level, a significant increase (p≤0.01) in anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and testosterone. The lipid profile demonstrated a statistically significant increase (p≤0.01) in LDL, cholesterol, TG, and VLDL, with adiponectin AUC at AUC:95.704%, with sensitivity to specificity at 93.333%-97.678%. Low adiponectin and dyslipidemia are connected to the pathophysiology of PCOS and can be used as clinical markers for PCOS.