Evaluation of the effect of Saxenda on the histological structure of the kidneys in the white mouse

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of the anti-obesity drug Saxenda on the kidney histology of Swiss mice (Mus musculus) over 30 days. Twenty mice were divided into two groups of ten: a control group injected with distilled water and a treated group injected with Saxenda (0.3 mg/mL daily). At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed, kidneys were carefully extracted, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Histological examination under a light microscope revealed multiple pathological changes in the treated group. These included vascular congestion, thickened vascular walls in the cortex, infiltration of inflammatory cells, bleeding within the glomeruli, and partial detachment of cells from the basement membrane. In the medullary region, degenerative changes, vacuolation, and cellular breakdown were observed, along with deposition of colloidal fibers around blood vessels. Overall, Saxenda administration induced inflammation, hemorrhage, and structural deterioration of kidney tissue, indicating a dose-dependent toxic effect. Additionally, Saxenda affected body weight, as treated animals showed decreased average weights ranging from 25.5 to 28 g after 30 days of dosing. These findings highlight that Saxenda may negatively influence renal structure and function in experimental animals.