Biosynthesis of Fe1.83Mn0.5Zn0.41O4 nanoparticles from milk thistle seed extract for use as anticancer agents

Zina A.Al_Bader; Faten  Zahran

doi:10.69923/kezfk969

Authors

Zina.A.Al_Bader University of diyala Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-6711
Faten Zahran Zagazig University Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-6711

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69923/kezfk969

Keywords:

Fe1.83Mn0.5Zn0.41O4, Nanoparticles, Milk Thistle, HL-60 cell line, leukaemia cancer

Abstract

This study employed a novel, simple, and cost-effective biosynthesis approach that combined co-precipitation, ultrasonic treatment, and green chemistry techniques to synthesize Fe₁.₈₃Mn₀.₅Zn₀.₄₁O₄ nanoparticles using milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seed extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Zeta Potential analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis revealed an average crystallite size of 18.66 nm, whereas SEM analysis indicated an average particle size of 114.38 nm, suggesting particle aggregation. The anticancer activity of the synthesized Fe₁.₈₃Mn₀.₅Zn₀.₄₁O₄ nanoparticles was evaluated against human leukemia HL-60 cell lines. The results demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity at higher nanoparticle concentrations, with a pronounced reduction in cell viability observed at concentrations of 500 and 1000 μg/mL. The percentages of viable cells at nanoparticle concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL were 85.98%, 83.56%, 84.54%, 98.41%, 97.87%, 29.04%, and 15.81%, respectively. The calculated IC₅₀ value was 470.8 μg/mL. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed highly significant differences among the treatment groups (P < 0.0001). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9856) indicated excellent model fitting and confirmed the strong relationship between nanoparticle concentration and biological response. The biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles was further evaluated using a hemolysis assay with red blood cells at concentrations of 64, 128, and 256 μg/mL. The results showed no significant hemolytic activity or cytotoxic effects on erythrocytes, indicating that the synthesized nanoparticles were hemocompatible and safe within the tested concentration range.

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Author Biographies

Zina.A.Al_Bader, University of diyala

Zina A. Al-Bader is a Master's student at the Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Diyala, Iraq. He received a B.Sc. in Chemistry from the College of Education for Pure Sciences, Ibn Al-Haytham University of Baghdad. His research areas are nanoscale inorganic materials, their characterization, and biological effectiveness studies. He can be contacted by email. pch.zina.alibader@uodiyala.edu.iq
Faten Zahran , Zagazig University

Dr. Faten Zahran is a Professor at the Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry. Zagazig University, Egypt. Her holds a PhD degree in Chemistry Science with a specialization in Biochemistry and Biolog. Her has published several scientific papers in national and international conferences and journals. Her can be contacted by email: fzahran@science.zu.edu.eg

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