Assessing Cytokines and Immunoglobulins (IgG subclass) Markers in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Infections

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69923/gdsw9n18

Keywords:

Cytokines,Immunoglobulins, cutaneous leishmaniasis, Immune profiling

Abstract

Understanding the interaction between cytokines and immunoglobulins in immune responses to infection is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of immunity and developing diagnostic biomarkers. This study aimed to assess the levels of key cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17) and immunoglobulin IgG and its subclasses (IgG1–4) in cutaneous leishmaniasis-infected and non-infected individuals, stratified by gender, age, and clinical status. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 individuals with cutaneous leishmaniasis (52 males and 52 females). Immunoglobulins and IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 were measured by ELISA. Statistical analyses included mean comparisons (T-test, ANOVA), standard deviations, and correlation coefficients. Significant differences were noted in IFN-γ (p = 0.025), IgG1 (p = 0.011), and IgG4 (p = 0.02) levels between infected and non-infected groups. Sex-specific variations were observed, with higher IgG3 in males (p = 0.034) and elevated IL-10 in females (p = 0.024). Strong correlations were detected between IL-4 and IgG1 (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) and between IL-10 and IgG1 (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). This study highlights the dynamic relationship between humoral and cellular immune markers, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for stratifying infection. Sex significantly affects these profiles, confirming the need for personalized immunological assessments.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Nagham Y. Albayati, University of Diyala

    Prof. Dr. Nagham Y. Albayati. is a Professor at the College of Education for Pure Sciences, Diyala University, Iraq. She received the B.Sc. degree in Biology from the University of Baghdad and the M.Sc. degree from Baghdad University, IRAQ. He holds a PhD degree in Biology , with specialization in Parasitology. Her research areas are Parasitology and epidemiology. Immunology, molecular. She has published several scientific papers in national, international conferences and journals. She can be contacted at email: nagham.alfadaam@uodiyala.edu.iq

  • Hanna Ibrahim Jawad, University of Diyala
    • Hanna Ibrahim Jawad is an M.Sc. student at the College of Education for pure sciences, University of Diyala, Iraq. She received the B.Sc. degree in Biology from Diyala University, IRAQ. Her research areas are Biology Parasitology Immunology, hanaaibrjwad@uodiyala.edu.iq

Downloads

Published

30-03-2026

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Volume 3, Issue 1

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Iraqi Journal for Applied Science

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Licenses and Copyright

The following policy applies to the Iraqi Journal of Sciences (IJAS).

  1. IJAS applies Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
  2. If you have written permission to do so, yes. If your manuscript contains content such as photos, images, figures, tables, audio files, videos, etc., that you or your co-authors do not own, we will require you to provide us with proof that the owner of that content (a) has given you written permission to use it, and (b) has approved of the CC BY license being applied to their content. We provide a form you can use to ask for and obtain permission from the owner. If you do not have owner permission, we will ask you to remove that content and/or replace it with other content that you own or have such permission to use. Don't assume that you can use any content you find on the Internet, or that the content is fair game just because it isn't clear who the owner is or what license applies. It's up to you to ascertain what rights you have” if any” to use that content.
  3. Many authors assume that if they previously published a paper through another publisher, they own the rights to that content and can freely use that content in their PLOS paper, but that is not necessarily the case; it depends on the license that covers the other paper. Some publishers allow free and unrestricted re-use of article content they own, such as under the CC BY license. Other publishers use licenses that allow re-use only if the same license is applied by the person or publisher re-using the content. If the paper was published under a CC BY license or another license that allows free and unrestricted use, you may use the content in your IJS paper provided that you give proper attribution, as explained above. If the content was published under a more restrictive license, you must ascertain what rights you have under that license. At a minimum, review the license to make sure you can use the content. Contact IJAS if you have any questions about the license. If the license does not permit you to use the content in a paper that will be covered by an unrestricted license, you must obtain written permission from the publisher to use the content in your IJSPlease do not include any content in your IJAS paper that you do not have rights to use, and always give proper attribution.
  4. If any relevant accompanying data is submitted to repositories with stated licensing policies, the policies should not be more restrictive than CC BY.
  5. IJAS reserves the right to remove any photos, captures, images, figures, tables, illustrations, audio and video files, and the like, from any paper, whether before or after publication, if we have reason to believe that the content was included in your paper without permission from the owner of the content.

References

Marshall,G.C.and H.W.Ohm 1987 .Yield responses of 16 winter wheat cultivars to row spacing and seeding rate .Agronomy Journal .79:1027-1030

How to Cite

[1]
N. Y. Albayati and H. I. J. Jawad, “Assessing Cytokines and Immunoglobulins (IgG subclass) Markers in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Infections”, IJApSc, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 45–53, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.69923/gdsw9n18.